{"product_id":"improvised-cities-architecture-urbanization-and-innovation-in-peru","title":"Improvised Cities Architecture, Urbanization, and Innovation in Peru","description":"Beginning in the 1950s, an explosion in rural-urban migration dramatically increased the population of cities throughout Peru, leading to an acute housing shortage and the proliferation of self-built shelters clustered in \u003ci\u003ebarriadas\u003c\/i\u003e, or squatter settlements. \u003ci\u003eImprovised Cities\u003c\/i\u003e examines the history of aided self-help housing, or technical assistance to self-builders, which took on a variety of forms in Peru from 1954 to 1986. While the postwar period saw a number of trial projects in aided self-help housing throughout the developing world, Peru was the site of significant experiments in this field and pioneering in its efforts to enact a large-scale policy of land tenure regularization in improvised, unauthorized cities.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Gyger focuses on three interrelated themes: the circumstances that made Peru a fertile site for innovation in low-cost housing under a succession of very different political regimes; the influences on, and movements within, architectural culture that prompted architects to consider self-help housing as an alternative mode of practice; and the context in which international development agencies came to embrace these projects as part of their larger goals during the Cold War and beyond. \u003cbr\u003e","brand":"University of Pittsburgh Press","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47479166599388,"sku":"26W013","price":65.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0699\/9746\/1724\/files\/NEW-WI20259315.jpg?v=1769113489","url":"https:\/\/stoutbooks.com\/products\/improvised-cities-architecture-urbanization-and-innovation-in-peru","provider":"William Stout Architectural Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}